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Consonants [C] & [D] and the vowel [E]
For Lesson 2 we are going to continue learning the alphabet letter names and sounds with the consonants, [C] & [D] and the vowel [E].
Instruction
The letter C has two sounds, a hard, “k” sound like in candy, and a soft, “s” sound, like in cymbal.
The letter D is pronounced like the d in dog (duh).
In English there are five vowels (a, e, i, o, u). All five vowels have both a long sound and a short sound. For all lessons including the five vowels, we will teach both the long vowel sound and the short vowel sound in the same lesson.
The vowel [e] can be pronounced as a long e [ē], in the word eat, or as a short e [ĕ], in the word egg.
Feel free to adapt these lessons as needed. Resource links are listed at the bottom of the page.
Materials
The first step in teaching letter sounds to your child is to model the sound of the letter (with correct pronunciation). Then have your child repeat the sound after you. Have your child sit directly across from you in their chair, ideally with a table in between you and your child.
Review
Review Lesson 1 letters [A] and [B]. For review, simply go over Lesson 1 a second time, perhaps a few days after the lesson was initially taught. Then move on to Lesson 2 unless your child has difficulty.
Lesson 2
Step 1 – Consonants [C] & [D] and the vowel [E]
For Lesson 2 we are going to continue learning the alphabet letter names and sounds with the consonants, [C] & [D] and the vowel [E].
Letter C
The Two Sounds of the Letter C
Place the letter card (flashcard) on the desk in front of your child. Point at the letter. Say “This is the letter ‘C.’ The letter C has two sounds, a hard sound like in candy, and a soft sound, like in cymbal. Use of color pictures (i.e. candy, cymbal) will help with this lesson.
Hard C
Then say the sound the hard [c] makes so your child can easily hear your pronunciation. Say hard [c] as in cat.
“kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh”
Next, have your child say the hard c sound, just like you did. If they aren’t sure or if they make mistake, help or correct them by repeating the pronunciation yourself.
“kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh, kuh”
Alliteration for Consonant Practice ~ Hard C
“The cat can’t call the cab back to the Cadillac.”
Repeat the alliteration a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures to illustrate your alliteration. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
Soft C
Move on to the soft c sound. Say, “The other sound the letter C makes is:
“s s s s s s s s s s”
Show them a picture of a cymbal, but don’t forget the letter C flashcard too! Next, have your child say the soft c sound, just like you did. If they aren’t sure or if they make mistake, help or correct them by repeating the pronunciation yourself.
“s s s s s s s s s s”
Alliteration for Consonant Practice ~ Soft C
“The centipede cycled to the circus for a cent.”
Repeat the alliteration a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures to illustrate your alliteration. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
The Letter D
Move on to the consonant D. Place the letter card (flashcard) on the desk in front of your child. Point at the letter. Say “This is the letter D. D as in dog.” Then say the sound the letter [d] makes so your child can easily hear your pronunciation. Say [d] as in dog but don’t say the whole word – just pronounce the first letter [d] with the tip of your tongue against the roof of your mouth.
“duh, duh, duh, duh, duh, duh, duh”
Next, have your child say the D sound, just like you did. If they aren’t sure or if they make mistake, help or correct them by repeating the pronunciation yourself.
“Can you say D as in dog?” Use the word in a sentence, “I am going to take my dog for a walk today.”
“duh, duh, duh, duh, duh, duh, duh”
See if they can say the word dog. Show them a picture or small plastic dog figure and encourage them to say the word dog.
“dog”
D at the beginning of a word ~ Alliteration
“The dog did not decide to dig up the dungeon.”
Repeat the alliteration a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures to illustrate your alliteration. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
D at the end of a word ~ Rhymes and Rhyming Words
See if they can say the word nod. Use the word in a sentence, “Can you nod your head for ‘yes’?”
Encourage them to say the word nod.
“nod”
“She buried the pod in the sod with a nod.”
Repeat the alliteration a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures to illustrate your alliteration. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
The Letter E
The vowel [e] can be pronounced as a long e [ē], in the word eat, or as a short e [ĕ], in the word egg.
Long [ē]
Place the letter card (flashcard) on the desk in front of your child. Point at the letter. Say “This is the letter E.” Say the sound the long [ē] makes so your child can easily hear your pronunciation.
Say [ē] as in eat.
“ē ē ē ē ē ē ē”
Next, have your child say the long E sound, just like you did. If they aren’t sure or if they make mistake, help or correct them by repeating the pronunciation yourself.
“ē ē ē ē ē ē ē”
See if they can say the word eat. Use the word in a sentence, “We are going to the grocery store to get something to eat.”
Show them a picture or small plastic figure and encourage them to say the word eat.
“eat”
Long [ē] Initial Sounds
“The eagle easily headed east with the eel.”
Long [ē] Middle Sounds
“The fleet beat everyone in their heat when they saw all the meat.”
Repeat the alliterations a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures to illustrate your alliteration. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
Short e [ĕ]
Place the letter card (flashcard) on the desk in front of your child. Point at the letter. Say “This is the letter E.” The letter E has another sound. Say the sound the short [ĕ] makes so your child can easily hear your pronunciation.
Say short [ĕ] as in egg.
“eh, eh, eh, eh, eh, eh”
Next, have your child say the short E sound, just like you did. If they aren’t sure or if they make mistake, help or correct them by repeating the pronunciation yourself.
“eh, eh, eh, eh, eh, eh”
See if they can say the word egg. Use the word in a sentence, “For breakfast, I would like a hardboiled egg.”
Show them a picture or small plastic figure and encourage them to say the word egg.
“egg”
Short [ĕ] Initial Sounds – Alliteration
“The elephant entered the exit after she stepped on an egg.”
Short [ē] Middle Sounds – sound repetition
“The men fed and pet the hen before they went to bed.”
Repeat the sentences a few times and clap along with your sentence. See if you can get your child to repeat the sentence and clap along with you.
Use pictures or objects to illustrate your sentences. Feel free to make up your own for extra practice.
Do this on a different day(s)
Step 2 – Combining Sight Words with Phonics Instruction
High frequency sight words (also known simply as sight words) are commonly used words that young children are encouraged to memorize as a whole by sight, so that they can automatically recognize these words in print without having to use any strategies to decode or sound out the words they are reading.
Sight words account for a large percentage (up to 75%) of the words used in beginning readers’ print materials. The advantage for children being able to recognize sight words automatically is that a beginning reader will be able to identify the majority of words in a text before they attempt to read it; therefore, allowing the child to concentrate on meaning and comprehension as they read without having to stop and decode every single word. [1]
Use a worksheet or flashcard set for the following Sight Words for Lessons 1 and 2: a, and, as, at, be, but, called, can, could, day, did, each, get, he, we
Download Fry Sight Word Lists at the end of the lesson or visit their website online for more information.
Instructions for Sight Word Practice
Place the sight word card (flashcard) on the desk in front of your child so they can see it. Point at the word and say it at the same time. The first sight word is “a.”
“I am going to get a quart of milk.” Pronounce the sight word like it sounds, the long a sound:
“ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay”
Make an effort to enunciate correctly so your child will hear the correct pronunciation.
Use the word in a sentence, “I am going to get a quart of milk.” Exaggerate the pronunciation of the sight word for your child.
Then ask your child to repeat the sight word you just said. Be sure and correct them if they make any mistakes. Encourage them and praise them for their effort and pronunciation, even if they make mistakes. Otherwise they will be discouraged from trying.
“ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay, ay”
Repeat for the remaining sight words: a, and, as, at, be, but, called, can, could, day, did, each, get, he, we. Don’t forget to play Sight Word Bingo afterward! Find downloadable Sight Word Lists at the end of this lesson.
Step 3 – Writing the Letters ~ A, B, C, D, E
Use wide-ruled handwriting paper and large markers or extra thick pencils for this step.
See downloadables and resource links at the end of this lesson.
Explain to your child that they are going to write letter A.
[1] have your child or assist your child with writing (or tracing prewritten letters) on the handwriting paper
[2] have your child make 5-6 letters
[3] correct any mistakes and reward them (verbally or with small stickers) for their work
[4] Next, repeat this exercise with the remaining letters
Sight Word Bingo using Fry Sight Words – 1st 100 list
Fry Sight Words – 1st 100
Letter Writing Practice [A, E, T]
Notes
[1] Sight Words [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sight_word]
[2] “Fry” Sight Word Lists [https://www.k12reader.com/subject/vocabulary/fry-words/]
Resources
[1] Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons ~ Siegfried Engelmann
[2] The School Run
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